In the process of reactive dye printing, precise coloring and fixation of patterns need to be achieved through the synergistic effect of multiple materials. The following are the core materials and their functional classifications:
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1. Coloring material
-Reactive dyes
- Type *: Commonly used medium temperature type (such as Remazol, Procion MX), high temperature type (such as Cibatron F), or ethylene sulfone type (such as KN type).
-* Characteristics *: Contains active functional groups (such as monochlorotriazine, vinyl sulfone), forms covalent bonds with fibers, and has high color fastness.
Selection criteria : Match based on color requirements, fixing temperature (60-80 ℃), and fabric type (cotton, linen, and other cellulose fibers)
2. Thickening system
-Synthetic thickener (mainstream choice)
-Reactive Thickener,Reactive Dyes Thickener,Reactive Printing Thickener https://www.gd-emchemicals.com/high-performance-reactive-printing-thickener_p8.html
-Polyacrylic acid (such as Carbopol): high pseudoplasticity, suitable for fine patterns.
-Hydrophobic Modified Alkali Swelling Type (HASE): Electrolyte resistant, suitable for high alkali formulations.
-Natural/semi synthetic paste
-Sodium alginate: a traditional choice, but sensitive to hard water.
-Starch ether derivatives: Low cost but slightly hard to handle.
-Emulsified paste (A-grade paste): based on petroleum solvents, gradually being replaced by environmentally friendly alternatives.
3. Fixing agent
-Alkali agent
-Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda): moderately alkaline (pH ≈ 8-9), mild color fixing.
-Sodium carbonate (soda ash): Strong alkalinity (pH ≈ 10-11), improves fixation rate but may increase dye hydrolysis.
-Triethanolamine: Adjusting pH while improving dye solubility.
-Urea
-Function: hygroscopic and solubilizing, promoting dye penetration into fibers, usually used in an amount of 5-10%.
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4. Penetrating and Wetting Agents
-Penetrating agents (such as JFC, Tx-10): reduce surface tension and enhance the wetting ability of dyes on heavy fabrics.
-* * Glycerol or ethylene glycol * *: Moisturizes and prevents dryness, avoiding the formation of printing paste skin.
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5. Other functional additives
- Stain resistant salt S (Sodium m-Nitrobenzenesulfonate)
-Function: As an oxidant, it prevents the dye from being reduced and damaged during steaming.
-Metal ion chelating agents (such as EDTA)
-Function: Complex Ca ² ⁺/Mg ² ⁺ in water to avoid reaction with dyes or pastes.
- Defoamers (such as organic silicon): inhibit foam of printing paste and avoid defects.
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6. Post processing materials
-Soap detergent (non-ionic surfactant)
-Function: Remove unfixed dyes and hydrolyzed dyes to improve color fastness.
-Softener (such as amino silicone oil): improves the feel of the fabric and counteracts the stiffness caused by residual paste.
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7. Environmental substitution trend
-Biobased thickeners (such as modified cellulose): Degradable, reducing COD in wastewater.
-Low urea/no urea formula: Reduce ammonia nitrogen pollution through new co solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidone.
Typical formula example (taking medium temperature reactive dyes as an example)
|Ingredients | Dosage (%) | Function Description|
|---------------|----------|-----------------------|
|Reactive dyes | 1-5 | Provide colors|
|Synthetic thickener | 0.5~2 | Adjust viscosity and control permeation|
|Urea | 5-10 | Helps dissolve and absorb moisture|
|Sodium bicarbonate | 1-3 | Alkaline fixation|
|Anti staining salt S | 0.5~1 | Prevent reduction damage|
|Water | Excess | Dissolving and Diluting Media|
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Key material selection principles
-* * Compatibility test * *: it is necessary to verify the stability of dye thickener alkali agent (such as whether it is gel if stored for a long time).
-Environmental regulations: Avoid using APEO type penetrating agents or formaldehyde releasing additives.
By scientifically proportioning these materials, the printing effect (clarity, color fastness), cost, and environmental friendliness can be balanced.
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